Thank you VC. Your kind words were maybe too kind. I claim to be no genius. I have a wide knowledge but because my life is involved in so many things I simply don't have the time or ability to claim to be a specialist in anything. I design and build RC Boats, I build RC helicopters and of course build aircraft from sheets of foam or complete kits. I have built two complete radio stations and achieved a far superior sound to stations costingfar more than 20 of my stations. I collect and maintain or repair stereo systems from the 60s  and 70s and listen to them at every opportunity.

I use music for entertainment, relaxation and most importantly for me for pain relief. I am disabled and in bed for 12 years and I find pain killers also kill the mind. So I rely on my Onkyo headphones and relax to whatever type of music I pick for that specific time. I consider my collection of over half a million recordings to be adequate to keep me supplied and when I've picked (By Computer) my choiceI can lay back and allow the music to wash the pain away. I suffer no after effects and feel well refreshed and pain free when I awaken.

I don't go overboard buying multi thousand dollar amplifiers with gold plated resistors.  A Marantz amplifier, a Nakamichi cassette deck or CD, DAT, MP3 and my pain vanishes. I feel perfection is an impossibility and far too much money is spent chasing it. If it sounds good it's good enough. Just a little hiss, AC Hum and the soldering iron comes out. Music is a personal thing. If it sounds awful I'll leave the room, If it sounds good to me, I'll stay. BUT nobody should say I'm wrong in what I like. Nobody has the right to say what I think is good isn't. Nobody has the right to put down my equipment least they wear it :-) Most of all music is best, happy be it Spike Jones or Chet Atkins.

Maybe now I'm not so clever but I don't feel any dumber. My hearing is fading and my kneecaps are dropping off, Life gets tedious don't it?

stu

will it help to know a saying that comes from Tamil saints of a few millennia old, which goes like this

"Kaayamae Idhu Poiyada
Verum Kaatradaitha Paiyada"

meaning, the human body is just an illusion and it is just an air filled bag, empty and useless

like proximo says in 'The Gladiator' , we are nothing but 'Shadows and Dust'

Most of cheap computer sterio speaker Power Supply is not sufficient. Even in Frintech 2.1 too.
Just give full volume and watch the brightness variation of Power LED. That means Transformer capacity is not enough.
Just add/replace more VA capacity transformer with same output voltage and feel the improvements. Of course, you have to replaceadd the power line filter capacitors to 4-10 times with low ESR ones.

I have mercury sterio speaker with TDA810 IC. But after transformer change, it gives perfect sound upto 90% volume.

But I Prefer to hear with my AIWA earphone. It takes me out from real world.

Kalyan ! i can't make out a sausage of what you have written, could you exemplify little more clearly, to keep mere mortals like me in picture

He sounds just like that guy on another forum I visit. It's not uncommon to be confused with what is posted there either. Strangely he has a way of being in another world if you know what I mean. I've yet to hear any amplifier using ICs to be "perfect" up to 90% output. Firstly no amplifier could be driven at 90% output without severe distortion. And no matter what system is used in the amplification chain, distortion, hiss and unwanted harmonics will always be be present to some degree. Simply changing a transformer and filter capacitors is no way to improve any amplifier as the output stage would have to be upgraded along with many other components. It would appear this person is as unknowing regarding audio as the "other" person is of RC matters. I hope this helps :-)

Sorry Gusty, your comments regarding "empty bags of air" not only takes me back to that person on the other forum but goes somewhat against what we were taught regarding religion. Please don't take this the wrong way as I'm not very religious in fact I've found from experience that western religion is often an excuse for bigotry and hypocrisy. Unfortunately I haven't a clue regarding India's religion. It seems rather complicated and hard for a person like myself to understand. I do know right from wrong and would never think of doing anything to harm another person physically or steal other's property and basically I guess go against what is considered wrong within the community or within myself. So maybe I live as a good Christian would but don't boast to be a religious person as far as going to church means.

I find there is good and bad in all religions that I know aboutbut as My Father told me,"never get involved in political or Religious arguments", I don't know enough about either to be able to hold a conversation or an argument. One thing I will never do is condemn anyone for believing in what they wish to believe in. But if there's one thing I hate it's religious fanatics knocking on my front door and trying to force their religion on me. It used to happen almost weekly here but I haven't seen any for a long time. I just wish everyone would be more tolerant and allow people to believe in whatever they wish as long it has no effect on those who believe differently.

Sorry mate, I hope I wasn't preaching. Just remember, as soon as one of your planes hits it's use by date let me know and I can wait for it to be delivered. Do you trade them in every few years or do you work on mileage travelled.

Now no breaking the sound barrier  and be a good boy. All the best  Stu

Hi,
Basically a power system has the capacity to deliver power at a constant voltage and avarage current rate (Max.).
And a Capacitor stores charge to supply the transient high current demand excess than the capacity of the transformer.

Now Consider the load (Electromagnatic speaker).

for a constant output peak to peak wave, the current through speaker depend on frequency too for it's inductive reactance of the magnatic circuit added with resistance which is fairly constant for any frequency.
So, speaker current will be more for low frequency sound (Specially drum beats). This low frequency beat which have a long beat continuation time, this transient time to draw high current is more than other regular continuous sound.

Now when volume increases, means the amplification factor increases, meand output waveform voltage peak to peak increases.

So, the output voltage waveform tries to increase provided the power supply is sufficient to give supply.

Now consider, the voltage supply transformer is 12 volt 100 mA, So, when your speaker is 10 ohm impedence (8 Ohm Resistance and 6 ohm reactance) it can draw a max current of (12/10A)*30% = 0.36A (taking duty cycle of that waveform as 30%). Now if your transformer have capacity of 0.1A, your Capacitor have to give the excess current from storage. At the same time, just after the beat, the capacitor have to get charged again. And to deliver this charge, voltage dip is required depending upon the capacitance and excess current quantity. So, supply voltage DIP should be present to function the storage capacitors.

Now, low mA (like 100mA) transformers have inherent internal (source)impedence added with diode drop. And the combination source impedence value depends upon the mA value of transformer.

now, if you select more volume, it works perfectly with low peak zone but clipped pick in high music zone. and this occures specially with low frequency contained music and you cannot get the continuation of the base.

In more simple, If you increase any low capacity to high capacity PS, you actually increase the RMS output (Till a range).

Or more simply It can be explained, I can widen the bottleneck till another thing's function become bottleneck. (Here Speaker , Amplifier Final stage transistor etc.). If you can check the amplifier recomendation power supply from Datasheet, you should give 500mA 12 volt power supply for faithfull amplification  with a certain speaker impedence value.

Here, we can simulate like
Speaker like BL Motor
Amplifier with ESC (without cut out protection)
Power supply as Battery.

Now if you select low mAH & C combined capacity battery, your motor cannot give that thrust like puffed cell.

That's it.

I have tried to explain as simple as I can.

And, HISS, HUM, NOISE, all comes when faithful amplification wont occur.

Kolyanda ! thanks ! it was as clear as the crystal, certain doubts that crop up is, how is it done digitally and wont it be better because you will be able to pick out specific frequency, enhance it, change it, delay it to suit the room and speaker location so that you get extremely purified sound like sushil sir says. and all the HUM and NOISE that you hear is your self created (Presumably influenced by this pure music)

Firstly, making analog to digital by sampling in sampling rate and kbps value

(each sample bit length X no of sample/second = kilobit/second )
Now processing the digital data with Digital Signal Processor determines the required output.

The processing is simple. Just stores the data with shift register, Multiply that value with a particular multiplication factor that defines the required processing and sumup the value to get output. You can read more in
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_filter

And finally digital data converted to analog output and send to speaker.

that is , well thought out and most eloquently put, post of yours , ever

Hi, prop..

In my openion, to listen a good song, imagnation is a factor also in my personal openion.
And for this, a song of kishoreKumar (for Ex. Cholo Jai Chole Jai) played even in the worst quality amplifier gives joy just for imagination and plays the original song with the good quality, in rhythm inside our mind, and that changes the states of our mind too.

Listen by clicking No need to be religious or to know particular language.

Thanks