I stirred the pot expecting you'd search for it, but since you haven't, here's a starting point, which I've learnt from very experienced aeromodellers (not just fliers)
1. Understand what you wish your plane to do (fly level, toss around, do high alpha flights, 3d?)
2. Estimate a target weight that you wish to put in air (incl airframe, electronics, mechanical parts)
3. Have a rough estimate for how much power you need to make your plane fly as per 1 (trainer ~75w/kg, sports ~100w/kg, acrobat ~120w/kg, 3d ~150w/kg) - I am comfortable with these, to each his own empirical values
4. Divide by the avg voltage of your battery to get max current required.
5. Determine the wing area of the plane
6. Estimate a wing loading (works in tandem with 1)
7. Determine the stall speed of the plane
8. Multiply the speed by atleast a factor of 3 for those emergency situations
9. Plug in fluid motion formulae (with reynods number ~1) to arrive at approximate thrust required
10. Understand the pitch of your propeller to know how fast will your plane fly (convert that inch/rev to km/hr) and what RPM will be required
11. Know what is the propeller efficiency and what is the motor efficiency. multiply by Eta/100 to get actual power
12. Divide the RPM by the avg voltage of your battery to arrive at approximate Motor Kv.
13. Consult motor/prop specs that works in the ranges arrived at by 7, 10, 11 and ESC rating by 4
14. Repeat and double check
This is by no means exhaustive but helps get into air with some predictability. Each item above is a discipline in itself so here's something to ease out:
http://flbeagle.rchomepage.com/software/webocalc_1.7.6/webocalc.htmlPS:
Here's something that will ensure you get more time for your math exams and a higher predictability of a 20/20 score
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_mathematics#Vedic_period