RC India
Welcome Guest, please login or register.
 
Pages: [1]   Go Down
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic. Topic Tools Topic Tools 
Read
« on: May 14, 2010, 12:11:57 PM »
rcforall
Plane Lover
Forum Hero

*****

Reputation Power: 22 
rcforall barely matters.rcforall barely matters.
Offline Offline

City: Chennai
State: Tamil Nadu
RC Skills: Beginner
Posts: 1663
Join Date: Mar, 2009




We all keep talking about  the transmission frequencies  of the radio  but I was recently wondering about 2-3 points with regards
 to the radio :

1)  How is channel separation achieved : eg  at take off throttle , rudder and elevator  channels are used  suppose I use 72.010 mhz radio then how are these   separated and conveyed to the receiver. I understand the pwm signals the receiver conveys the servos/esc etc but that is internal communication in the receiver .

2) What is  the difference between single and dual conversion

Any leads to reading material will be hepful

Sai
« Last Edit: May 14, 2010, 12:26:11 PM by rcforall » Logged

www.zuppa.io : vehicle telematics, ADAS, IoT , Drones
 

Read
« Reply #1 on: May 14, 2010, 12:42:00 PM »
anwar
Administrator
Forum Hero

*****

Reputation Power: 141 
anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!
Offline Offline

City: Doha (Qatar) & Thrissur
State: Kerala
RC Skills: Advanced
Posts: 11619
Join Date: Mar, 2009

RC India - Flying and racing with open minds !



1) That is where PPM and PCM come in, in the case of FM.  The PWM signal is converted to one of the two (there are other variants also) for transmission.   If you read up the difference between PPM and PCM, you will get the answer you are looking for.  Basically there are "frames" (think of them as blocks) of data transmitted together from all the different channels.  The frames have separation markers (typically a long duration pulse).

2) http://www.rcindia.org/radios-and-receivers/fm-receiver-choices/msg11772/#msg11772 
« Last Edit: May 14, 2010, 01:32:20 PM by anwar » Logged

Hangar : Please see my introduction.
RC India forum and me : About this forum.
 

Read
« Reply #2 on: May 14, 2010, 05:41:05 PM »
praveen
Plane Lover
Forum Veteran

****

Reputation Power: 5 
praveen has no influence.
Offline Offline

City: Bengaluru
State: Karnataka
RC Skills: Advanced
Posts: 422
Join Date: Aug, 2009



Well this is very simple !
At the transmitter end a contant pulse is generated by oscillator circuit and these are given to the counter IC through potentiometer (which controls width)in counter every pulse is arranged in a such a way according to channel !example a you have 4 ch accordingly each pulses are arranged and converted into train of 4 pulses(encoding) and these digital pulses are given to transmitting circuit which transmitts the signal to rx end where another counter is used to decode the pulse and drive particular servo!
http://radio-control-schematics.blogspot.com/2007/07/basic-radio-control-encoder.html
well this may help you sir!

Regards
Praveen
Logged

To increase thrust you need more  money! But to reduce weight you  need nothing!
 

Read
« Reply #3 on: May 15, 2010, 11:50:09 AM »
sushil_anand
Plane Lover
Forum Hero
*****

Reputation Power: 17 
sushil_anand has no influence.
Offline Offline

City: MUMBAI
State: Maharashtra
RC Skills: Intermediate
Posts: 1274
Join Date: Jul, 2009



The difference between PPM and PCM is this:

The signals from the control pots are analogue. In PPM mode this is converted into a signal whose pulse width varies proportionately (typically from 1 - 2 msecs.) with the stick movement . In PCM mode, the signal is "digitised" and converted into a 9, 10 or 11 bit (depending on 512, 1024 or 2048 resolution) code. This is considered more robust than PPM mode and also allows for features such as "fail safe".

The receiver decodes this to a PWM signal for the servos, in either mode.
Logged

Hangar: Zlin 50L -120, CMPro Super Chipmunk, Ultimate Bipe EP, Imagine 50, Christen Eagle 160, Ultra Stick, Super Sports Senior
 

Read
« Reply #4 on: May 15, 2010, 12:15:36 PM »
anwar
Administrator
Forum Hero

*****

Reputation Power: 141 
anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!
Offline Offline

City: Doha (Qatar) & Thrissur
State: Kerala
RC Skills: Advanced
Posts: 11619
Join Date: Mar, 2009

RC India - Flying and racing with open minds !



Sai is looking specifically for how the different channel signals (like aileron, elevator etc) are laid out (or separated) in the transmission.

This picture of a PPM frame should help.

http://www.aerodesign.de/peter/2000/PCM/frame_ppm.gif
Logged

Hangar : Please see my introduction.
RC India forum and me : About this forum.
 

Read
« Reply #5 on: May 15, 2010, 12:21:12 PM »
sushil_anand
Plane Lover
Forum Hero
*****

Reputation Power: 17 
sushil_anand has no influence.
Offline Offline

City: MUMBAI
State: Maharashtra
RC Skills: Intermediate
Posts: 1274
Join Date: Jul, 2009




That is where PPM and PCM come in, in the case of FM.  The PWM signal is converted to one of the two (there are other variants also) for transmission.

My post was in reference to this.
« Last Edit: May 15, 2010, 12:24:44 PM by sushil_anand » Logged

Hangar: Zlin 50L -120, CMPro Super Chipmunk, Ultimate Bipe EP, Imagine 50, Christen Eagle 160, Ultra Stick, Super Sports Senior
 

Read
« Reply #6 on: May 15, 2010, 12:34:46 PM »
anwar
Administrator
Forum Hero

*****

Reputation Power: 141 
anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!anwar is awe-inspiring!
Offline Offline

City: Doha (Qatar) & Thrissur
State: Kerala
RC Skills: Advanced
Posts: 11619
Join Date: Mar, 2009

RC India - Flying and racing with open minds !



Sure. I was hoping that he would find interesting links on "frames", "frame separation marker" etc while researching PPM and PCM.
Logged

Hangar : Please see my introduction.
RC India forum and me : About this forum.
 

Read
« Reply #7 on: May 15, 2010, 12:37:05 PM »
izmile
Plane Lover
Forum Hero

*****

Reputation Power: 7 
izmile has no influence.
Offline Offline

City: Reading (England)
State: OUTSIDE INDIA
RC Skills: Intermediate
Posts: 591
Join Date: Mar, 2009

I am a Corogamist!




1)  How is channel separation achieved : eg  at take off throttle , rudder and elevator  channels are used  suppose I use 72.010 mhz radio then how are these   separated and conveyed to the receiver. I understand the pwm signals the receiver conveys the servos/esc etc but that is internal communication in the receiver .

In PPM/PCM radios (not sure about 2.4G), each channel data is transmitted one at a time. It is simple Time Domain Multiplexing (TDM). Since each channel has its own turn to transmit its data there no further requirement to have a channel separation. Note that there is a finite time delay between two consecutive data from the same channel. Between this time delay the rest of the TX channel data are inserted. How the data is represented depends on the modulation scheme (PCM or PPM) and the difference is well pointed out by Sushil.


2) What is  the difference between single and dual conversion

This is more of a technical stuff. The most widely adopted receiver designs are based on super-heterodyne principle. It means translating the received frequency to an intermediate frequency so that it would be easier for the transmitted signal recovery.

In super-heterodyne principle the more the number of intermediate frequency conversion the better the receiver sensitivity and better the image signal rejection. (Image signal in simple terms is a bogus signal that the receiver sees. Although it is same as the transmitted signal it would be comparatively weaker and you don't want to lock on to that)

Having said that, the answer is pretty obvious - Dual conversion is better than single conversion. If you fly in a confined space like a park go either for dual or single conversion. If you fly large glow/gassers dual conversion is highly recommended.

One might wonder - why not use a triple or quad conversion.. Well, if I remember it right, the benefits that you get from the stages kind of saturates at some point. For most of the general use dual conversion is more than enough. For instance, the old pocket radio (fondly called transistor) most probably is a dual conversion super-het receiver.

-Ismail
Logged

"Anything can fly" - SPADs just prove that!
 

Read
« Reply #8 on: May 17, 2010, 11:20:04 AM »
sushil_anand
Plane Lover
Forum Hero
*****

Reputation Power: 17 
sushil_anand has no influence.
Offline Offline

City: MUMBAI
State: Maharashtra
RC Skills: Intermediate
Posts: 1274
Join Date: Jul, 2009





For instance, the old pocket radio (fondly called transistor) most probably is a dual conversion super-het receiver.

-Ismail


Not true. They are single conversion types with an IF of 455kHz. Dual conversion is used in the type of sets used for communication, "Dx ing" and SW listening. Their first IF is 10.7 MHz. One of these is the SONY ICF 8600 which has been in production for more than 20 years with incremental changes.
Logged

Hangar: Zlin 50L -120, CMPro Super Chipmunk, Ultimate Bipe EP, Imagine 50, Christen Eagle 160, Ultra Stick, Super Sports Senior
 

Read
« Reply #9 on: May 17, 2010, 05:00:44 PM »
izmile
Plane Lover
Forum Hero

*****

Reputation Power: 7 
izmile has no influence.
Offline Offline

City: Reading (England)
State: OUTSIDE INDIA
RC Skills: Intermediate
Posts: 591
Join Date: Mar, 2009

I am a Corogamist!



You may be right. There are more single conversions pocket radios which makes sense as it reduces the BOM cost.

However, I have built pocket radios (from kits) in the past and used 3 stages of IFTs. Each stage tuned to different IF frequencies. The final one is obviously 455KHz the other ones are about 10 - 5ish MHz. Couldn't recollect the figures. The IFT color codes are Yellow, Grey and Green.. and there is another with Red which is the osc coil. So, I am pretty much sure that the ones that I built are dual conversion ones.

I also had a pocket radio from National which uses loads of IF stages.. May be a superior version. Or they have dedicated IF stages for MW, SW etc...

-Ismail
Logged

"Anything can fly" - SPADs just prove that!
 

Read
« Reply #10 on: May 18, 2010, 12:08:59 PM »
sushil_anand
Plane Lover
Forum Hero
*****

Reputation Power: 17 
sushil_anand has no influence.
Offline Offline

City: MUMBAI
State: Maharashtra
RC Skills: Intermediate
Posts: 1274
Join Date: Jul, 2009



You may be right. There are more single conversions pocket radios which makes sense as it reduces the BOM cost.

However, I have built pocket radios (from kits) in the past and used 3 stages of IFTs. Each stage tuned to different IF frequencies. The final one is obviously 455KHz the other ones are about 10 - 5ish MHz. Couldn't recollect the figures. The IFT color codes are Yellow, Grey and Green.. and there is another with Red which is the osc coil. So, I am pretty much sure that the ones that I built are dual conversion ones.

-Ismail

I have also built many radios, including valve sets. ALL were single conversion types. The different colour codes were for impedance matching (e.g. the final one had to feed the detector, and not another stage).

Any set that uses/d dual conversion would need 2 sets of oscillator coils, one for each band and one fixed for the second IF. I can categorically state that the kits were single conversion types.
Logged

Hangar: Zlin 50L -120, CMPro Super Chipmunk, Ultimate Bipe EP, Imagine 50, Christen Eagle 160, Ultra Stick, Super Sports Senior
 

Read
« Reply #11 on: May 18, 2010, 01:33:25 PM »
izmile
Plane Lover
Forum Hero

*****

Reputation Power: 7 
izmile has no influence.
Offline Offline

City: Reading (England)
State: OUTSIDE INDIA
RC Skills: Intermediate
Posts: 591
Join Date: Mar, 2009

I am a Corogamist!



Thats good. Do you know the frequency range of the IFT color codes? I was trying to get hold of them but could not find it in the net.
Logged

"Anything can fly" - SPADs just prove that!
 

Read
« Reply #12 on: May 18, 2010, 03:23:05 PM »
sushil_anand
Plane Lover
Forum Hero
*****

Reputation Power: 17 
sushil_anand has no influence.
Offline Offline

City: MUMBAI
State: Maharashtra
RC Skills: Intermediate
Posts: 1274
Join Date: Jul, 2009



Izmile

They are all the same, i.e. 455kHz. It is only the primary/secondary impedance ratio that is different.
Logged

Hangar: Zlin 50L -120, CMPro Super Chipmunk, Ultimate Bipe EP, Imagine 50, Christen Eagle 160, Ultra Stick, Super Sports Senior
 

Read
« Reply #13 on: May 18, 2010, 03:40:05 PM »
izmile
Plane Lover
Forum Hero

*****

Reputation Power: 7 
izmile has no influence.
Offline Offline

City: Reading (England)
State: OUTSIDE INDIA
RC Skills: Intermediate
Posts: 591
Join Date: Mar, 2009

I am a Corogamist!



Hmm... I see. But for some reason I feel that there is a difference in frequency response. Anyway, sometime later I would check that with a VNA. Thanks for the pointer. Its been quite a long time.. Roll Eyes
« Last Edit: May 18, 2010, 03:46:06 PM by izmile » Logged

"Anything can fly" - SPADs just prove that!
 

Read
« Reply #14 on: May 18, 2010, 04:25:07 PM »
sushil_anand
Plane Lover
Forum Hero
*****

Reputation Power: 17 
sushil_anand has no influence.
Offline Offline

City: MUMBAI
State: Maharashtra
RC Skills: Intermediate
Posts: 1274
Join Date: Jul, 2009



http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/filters/if-amplifier-transformers.htm

Maybe of some help.



Logged

Hangar: Zlin 50L -120, CMPro Super Chipmunk, Ultimate Bipe EP, Imagine 50, Christen Eagle 160, Ultra Stick, Super Sports Senior
 

Pages: [1]   Go Up
Jump to:  

Related Topics
Subject Started by Replies Views Last post
need a 6 channel futaba radio
Wanted
SORAV 19 10557 Last post September 24, 2010, 09:16:28 PM
by traxxrc1
TWO OR THREE CHANNEL RADIO AND RECEIVER.
Wanted
R C 3 3789 Last post April 24, 2010, 12:20:25 AM
by yd_rawat
KDS 2.4 Ghz 7 CHANNEL COMPUTERISED RADIO
For Sale - Completed
chasni 3 3454 Last post May 22, 2010, 01:07:49 PM
by chasni
Fly Sky 9 Channel 2.4 G radio
Radios and Receivers
rcforall 19 11480 Last post November 01, 2010, 10:15:17 PM
by balasubrahmanyam
4+ Channel Radio
Wanted - Completed
rajathv8 12 7930 Last post November 19, 2010, 02:33:03 PM
by rajathv8